Analysis Of Conrad s Heart Of Darkness - 1635 Words

In Heart of Darkness there are three things that analyze Conrad’s novel; figurative judgment, personalities of character and dialect. Conrad s novel has abundance of virtually imperceptible undertones. This novel is written to such exactitude and high detail that nearly each paragraph includes a vital half to play within the frame story. Conrad focus on making a story for instance concepts and themes, instead of simply an easy narrative. These concepts and themes are perpetually pitched at the reader during a boorish and impolite way , that makes all of them the additional powerful. Therefore, even a passage of simply five pages will have a stimulating quantity of detail to debate. The theme initial introduced on page thirty four, regarding the two varieties of devilish ways, it is described by the uncle and manager who are each clearly flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devils of a rapacious and pitiless folly. Neither of them would be significantly related to require dissent against Kurtz; they might abundant like a less concerned manner of removing him from their worries. this is often shown by their deliberate failure to urge a doctor to Kurtz, still as their personalities usually. There is another doable regard to devils and their spiritual connotations on page fifty four, once Marlow describes the arrival of the El Dorado Exploring Expedition as a visitation. This word will have two meanings: a proper visit or examination, that is that the initial interpretation oneShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1504 Words   |  7 Pagesothers and can be found in both people and objects. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness the main char acter and narrator Marlow identifies a force within ivory that conveys a sense power within the enigmatic Mr. Kurtz. The African ivory trade was flourishing in the early 1900’s. Obtaining the precious object transformed some into greedy connoisseurs with endless intentions to get their hands on all of the continents ivory. Conrad shows that the power that is emitted from the ivory falls into the handsRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1713 Words   |  7 PagesMonth: January 2014 Name: Faris Khan Period: 3 Title: Heart of Darkness Author: Joseph Conrad Date started/date completed: 1/19 - 1/28 Pages read: 96/96 (Including the ten page introduction, 106/96) Rating of book (1-10): 9/10 Above you rated this book. Explain in detail why you gave this book that score: Author Joseph Conrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboardRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 PagesAlly Jones Professor Smith English 1302 November 18, 2014 Female Roles in Joseph Conrad s the Heart of Darkness: In regards to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, many literature reviews focus on the motifs of Imperialism, the symbolism of darkness and fog, or the aspect of racism in Conrad’s work. During the era which Conrad wrote, England was going through the Victorian Era, which was marked by a shift in views on morality. The term â€Å"Victorian morality† is used today to describe values whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness794 Words   |  4 Pagesblack people are a separate and lesser species. In Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness, the Congolese people were enslaved by Europeans. The Congolese people were subjected to animal-like treatment, such as put in chains and having an â€Å"iron collar† (Conrad I). Humans were used as an expendable workforce similar to the way a farmer uses an ox to till his field. When the people â€Å"sickened, became inefficient†, they went to a grove to die (Conrad). Another stereotype shown was that imperialism hurts the conquerorsRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1693 Words   |  7 PagesThere square measure 3 main topics to debate once it involves analyzing Conrad’s Heart of Darkness - symbolic interpretations, character development and language. Heart of Darkness has Associate in Nursing abundance of virtually imperceptible undertones. This novelette is written to such exactitude and high detail that nearly each paragraph includes a vital half to play within the overall plot. The author, Conrad, concentrates on making a story for instance concepts and themes, instead of simplyRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1569 Words   |  7 Pagesmany, this idea of gendering something new and beautiful as female is second nature to us. Similar to my 12-year-old self’s new hockey stick, we often gender nature as feminine, because of its irrefutable beauty and power. While Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is set in a patriarchal society, the jungle that is recognized to have female qualities, enforces the main commanding force over the men in the Congo. Conrad’s two contrasting representations of women are shown through the influential CongoleseRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe 9th plague was Darkness. A darkness so thick, people could not see for three days. Darkness restricts vision and thus the way man understands the world. Conrad explores a similar darkness throughout The Heart of Darkness. He writes about how this darkness, a blindness towards others, can lead to the moral degradation of mankind in his novel. Throughout the novel, the reader is able to see Conrad’s perspective of humanity by discussing two integral issues of the time, Racism and Colonialism. MoreRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1729 Words   |  7 PagesIn Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad limits the amount and activity of his female characters, especially through the protagonist Marlow. Marlow merely reduces women into creatures of a different world and fails to see the importance of females. However, through this oppressive view on women, Conrad demonstrates Marlow’s ironic subjugation of women. Although in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, women simply serve as symbols while Marlow attempts to display himself as masculine, Conrad reveals the influenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1396 Words   |  6 PagesShelly Pyakurel Ellen Stockstill English 4 DC 27 April 2015 Research Paper Heart of Darkness is a novel by Joseph Conrad that centers on Marlow, a man who goes to the Congo for a job opportunity. He meets a man named Kurtz, who is well known by many. Once he gets to the Congo, he sees colonialism first-hand. He sees that the natives of the country were practically enslaved and forced to work under very harsh conditions. The two major characters of the novel are Marlow and Kurtz. There are many minorRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1552 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically, people have been socialized to accept and adhere to these stereotypes. Women have an important role in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Women are used in this novella reflect an important aspect of culture: sexism. Heart of Darkness was originally published in 1898, a period where women were facing especially harsh discrimination. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow, an experienced sea captain, who is setting out on a mission to rescue Kurtz, an intelligent but disobedient

Analysis Of The Book The Hobbit - 1888 Words

The Hobbit is a book written in 1937 by J.R.R. Tolkien. It is a fictional fantasy novel, and a prequel to the later Lord of the Rings trilogy of novels, which were also written by Tolkien. J.R.R. Tolkien originally wrote the book to entertain his children. It has been republished several times since its original release in 1937. The version I read was published in 1997 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing in New York. The book starts off by describing the main character and where he lives. The main character is a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins. A wizard named Gandalf shows up at Bilbo s house with a group of dwarves. Gandalf and the dwarves explain to Mr. Baggins about their plans to take the treasure of a dragon named Smaug. This dragon†¦show more content†¦Eventually, the goblins catch up to everyone and attack them. Dori, the dwarf who was carrying Bilbo, drops him in their struggle, which knocks Bilbo unconscious. Bilbo later wakes up in the darkness of the goblin caves. He comes across a lake in the caves, and picks up a ring near it. He meets a creature named Gollum, who challenges him to a game of riddles. After beating Gollum at his riddle game, Bilbo learns that the ring he picked up is a magic ring that Gollum owned that lets the wearer become invisible. Bilbo uses this ring to escape from the now unfriendly Gollum, and the goblin caves as well. After escaping the caves, Bilbo meets back up with Gandalf and the dwarves. They then continue on their path to Smaug s mountain. Later on, while in a forest, they get surrounded by a pack of wolves who have an alliance with the goblins. Everyone starts climbing a tree to avoid being attacked by the wolves. Eventually, Gandalf starts shooting magic at the wolves to keep them at bay. This gets the attention of a magical eagle, who then rescues everyone from the trees. The eagle drops everyone near a rock. Gandalf tells everyone that he knows someone who can help them get through the rest of their journe y. This someone is a half man-half bear named Beorn. Everyone rests at Beorn s house for several days. Beorn tells them of a good path to get to the mountain, and gives them more food and some horsesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1329 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In September 21, 1937, the fantasy-fiction writer J. R. R. Tolkien published the first copy of the Hobbit. The composers of both the film and the novel employ sophisticated fantasy and adventure elements such as, mythical creatures which resemble human characteristics, fighting in large groups, singing for hope, quests to reach their main goal. Furthermore the composers of both texts emphasis on the elements of fantasy and adventure in detail by offering the audience a magical settingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hobbit takes after the mission of home-cherishing hobbit Bilbo Baggins to win an offer of the fortune watched by Smaug the mythical beast. Bilbo s trip takes him from cheerful, country surroundings into a viler region. The story is told as a rambling mission, and most sections present a particular animal or kind of creatures of Tolkien s topography. Bilbo picks up another level of development, capability, and intelligence by tolerat ing the offensive, sentimental, fey, and brave sides of hisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1418 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: The Hobbit Author: J.R.R Tolkien (1937) Many would say that indulging themselves into a mythical world of Dwarves and wizards is a bit out of the ordinary; however, I enjoy being a bit out of the ordinary. The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien is the absolute epitome of a fantasy/adventure novel. I chose this book because there is not a dull moment throughout the whole novel, and for that reason it is one of my favorites of all time. Tolkien s unique imagination brings his special world into the mindsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 2659 Words   |  11 Pagesis all about overcoming your fears. That means maybe doing things that have never been thought of before. I have read four fantasy books. The Hobbit, A Wrinkle In Time, City of Bones, and Shiver. The two movies I watched were The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button, and The Last Dragon/ A Fantasy Made Real. Fear is a common connection within all of the books. Fear though is nothing more than an obstacle, that stands in the way of the progress. In overcoming our fears we can move forward: ThisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pages The Hobbit By ~ J.R.R Tolkien Report written by ~ Rachel Pavelka The book I am reporting on is The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien. The setting of the story begins in a place called Middle Earth. In the beginning of the book it starts in Began when Mr. Bilbo Baggins lives. Then Bilbo travels to Rivendell, Misty Mountains and finally Mirkwood. The book was set before the Lord of the Rings but is unclear. There is no time because the book is a fantasy. The historical context of the book is post WorldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1942 Words   |  8 Pagestransformity will be strongly analyzed through quotes directly from the book The Hobbit and opinions formed while reading. Through the book The Hobbit, J.R.R. Tolkien is able to show how a hero isn’t always the typical buff and boots with a cape on his back kind of person. Tolkien shows the reader that a hero is made by the struggles he conquers and isn’t just a perfect character thrown into the beginning of the story. Generally, The Hobbit takes place in many different places as listed and described belowRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1136 Words   |  5 PagesIn the great modern classic, The Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, Wizard Gandalf, and a company of rambunctious dwarves go on an extraordinary adventure. On this unexpected journey, they have launched a plot to raid the treasure hoard guarded by Smaug. The novel’s central conflict has to deal with Bilbo struggle with his adventurous, brave inner-self. 2. The leading character in the novel is Bilbo Baggins; the protagonist risks his status in his community. The Baggins are considered by the people ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hobbit Chapters 5-8 Answers Chapter 5: â€Å"Riddles in the Dark† 2. Literary consonance is a literary device where the same consonants are repeated numerous times in short succession. Sibilance is a form of literary consonance made by the flow of air through the sharp edges of the teeth. Phonetic Alphabet symbols representing sibilants are [s], [z], [ÊÆ'], [tÊÆ'], [dÊ’] and [Ê’], which all create hissing noises when spoken. Tolkien effectively provides a thorough demonstration on how an author can playRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit Essay2226 Words   |  9 PagesNovel Paper: The Hobbit When you think of a hero, is the first character to pop in your head a little hobbit named Bilbo Baggins? In most cases, people think of Superman or Hercules, but in The Hobbit, an unexpected hero emerges and changes the name for all heroes to come. The Hobbit is a novel about Bilbo Baggins and his journey, with thirteen dwarves and a wizard, seeking the treasure stolen by the dragon, Smaug. While on this unexpected journey, Bilbo and his companions overcome many obstaclesRead MorePresentation Of The Hobbit From Sweden And Finland1345 Words   |  6 Pages5007226 Janet McDaniels IDH 2003 Visual Analysis For this assignment the two books that I will be focusing on are version of The Hobbit from Sweden and Finland. The first book to be created was the Swedish version of The Hobbit, â€Å"Hompen eller En resa Dit och Tillbaksigen,† which was created in 1947 and includes illustrations by Torbjà ¶rn Zetterholm, a Swedish artist. The other version that will be described for this assignment is the Finnish version of the book, â€Å"Lohikà ¤Ãƒ ¤remvuori, eli erà ¤Ãƒ ¤n hoppelin

Children With Learning Disabilities And Adhd - 768 Words

Identifying information. Inna Doe is a 16-year-old from Chicago, Illinois who currently attends Eagle Hill School in Hardwick, Massachusetts, a boarding school for students with learning disabilities and ADHD, since September 2015. Inna is a female who is white and is of Eastern European decent. Inna did not identify her sexuality or religious preferences. Inna began living in a Russian orphanage at 2 years old and was adopted from the orphanage at 3.5 years of age by her parents John and Jane Doe. There is no known information about Inna’s birth parents. Inna has lived most her life in an affluent Chicago suburb. Family constellation and attachment. Inna is an only child who is cared for by her married mother and father. Inna’s parents own an insurance and financial company in Highwood, Illinois. Jane and John inherited the business from Jane’s parents. There was no information in Inna’s files that describe Jane and John’s relationship. However, there is information from Inna’s current academic advisor that Jane is very involved in all aspects of Inna’s life and left her job for periods of time to devote extra attention to Inna’s learning and social needs. Inna relies heavily on her mother for emotional support during times of distress. Inna states that she calls her mom whenever she is feeling upset or frustrated. Residential staff report that Inna and her mother can have intense arguments over the phone that are difficult to deescalate. There is no mention of Inna’sShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Of Children With ADHD And Learning Di sabilities1444 Words   |  6 PagesIndividuals with ADHD, LD and RD have more learning problems than in a child with either ADHD, learning disabilities, or RD alone (Faraone, et al., 2001; Jensen, Martin, Cantwell, 1997; Smith Adams, 2006). For example, students with ADHD and learning disabilities had demonstrated poorer reading skills (Woodcock Johnson III), inferior social skills, and more behavior problems when compared to their peers with learning disability alone, and those differences persisted over time (Wei et al., 2014)Read More Learning Disabilities: ADHD Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that can affect any person’s behavior and way of life. In their book, Special Education, J.Ysseldyke and B. Algozzine state that no area has experienced as much growth as learning disabilities. It is by far the largest of all special education categories. Enormous changes in the last century have changed the way society treats children with disabilities. Psychologist William Lee Heward affirms that in theRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )897 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as ADHD, is the most common learning disability in kids today. It is not a new disorder but it is a disorder that is more and more kids are being diagnosed with, as well as misdiagnosed with. Researchers are still trying to find the cause of ADHD and the best treatment for with kids with this learning disability. Being diagnosed with ADHD can hinder a child’s learning and even their progression in school if not caught at an early age. According to National Center for Learning Disabilities articleRead MoreThe Effects Of Adhd On Children s Overall Development1318 Words   |  6 PagesADHD has an effect on the child’s overall development. It doesn’t impact them as much as some disorders do, but it does take effect. It has no effect on their language and as far as my research shows, it has little or no effect on their self-help skills either, however it does effect the cognitive, and fine motor domains. About half of all the children who have ADHD also have a learning disability. â€Å"Among the children who did not have a learning disability, children with ADHD had more learning problemsRead MoreEssay about Students With ADD/ADHD and Class Placement1218 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary students with learning-disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt in an ordinary classroom setting with other students without learning-disabilities. Consequently, many students w ith learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. It is because of this classroom placement problem that many learning-impaired students are doing worse academically and socially in a non-inclusive settingRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1243 Words   |  5 Pages ADHD induces Learning Disorder Student’s Name Institution Introduction 　　　　Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and learning disorder are two mental conditions that mostly affect children. They are caused by a mixture of environmental and genetic factors relating to affected children. Even there are similar characteristics of the two conditions; they are distinct in features and occurrence. However, it is the similarity of the two conditions that has drawn the attentionRead MoreThe Class Placement of Students with ADD/ADHD1721 Words   |  7 PagesContemporary students with learning disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt to a traditional classroom setting with students who have no learning disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. Schools use a non-inclusive setting when students with learning impairments like ADD/ADHD are placed in a â€Å"special classà ¢â‚¬  with other learning impairment studentsRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academic settings. This study was conducted to show the disadvantages and impairments in the education of children with ADHD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral condition that most commonly affects school-age children. ADHD is characterized by unusual levels of inattention, impulsivityRead MoreAdhd Case Study861 Words   |  4 PagesFocus Techniques for ADHD Attention Deficit/ hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic mental health disorder with distinct behavioral manifestations in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (Barkley, 1997; Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, Fletcher, 2002). Many sources state that the prevalence in ADHD is about 3% to 7.5% in school-aged children (Fischer, Barkley, Smallish, Fletcher, 2005). Most current studies from 1995 to 2006 estimate that the worldwide prevalence is about 5% and that these studiesRead MoreMusic And Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1461 Words   |  6 PagesMusic and Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Abstract These are some of the reason that compelled me to choose this topic and focus on music as therapy for children with ADHD. Medical Aspect of Music as Therapy for ADHD Music has been seen to help many children with learning disabilities as it activates the brain so extensively helping the kid to focus. Music therapy has been found to help the victims of brain trauma and children with ADHD. For the children with ADHD, music is

National Health and Medical Research Council Strategic Plan

Question: Discuss about the National Health and Medical Research Council Strategic Plan. Answer: Introduction Lead is a natural occurring metal that is used for different things. Its mostly used in construction and in making batteries. If one get exposure to it, it causes a lot of health problems. The most affected ones are the unborn and the children since their bodies absorb and retain the lead for a very long time. Lead poisoning is very common, and children are the most likely to get exposure to it. It's 1% of the global burden of disease according to world health organization. The sources of exposure to lead vary from country to country. Some countries use a lot of lead products while others have minimized the use of it(Armstrong R, 2014). Every year more than 300,000 children between the ages of 1 to 5 are found out with a high level of lead in their blood. Children exposure to lead may have brain development problems and may be anemia. Lead poisoning is very dangerous in the body because once it gets in the system, it is distributed throughout the body by the blood. Lead in the blood damages the red cells and limit the ability of oxygen to reach other organs in the body(Gemmel A, 2002). The recognition of the disease greatly varies from country to country and the programs used to reduce the exposure. Australia has recognized the disease, and they are doing a lot to ensure its exposure is reduced. For instance, they have programs that help individuals to know how to avoid lead and where they can easily get exposed to the lead (Canberra NHMRC, 2012). A lot of developing countries have not put measures to avoid and to reduce the lead exposure. Mostly because they dont have the finances and resources to do so. Literature review Dose-response data There has been a lot of debate has to which level of lead is considered harmless, but no lead level has been proving to be harmless. The different lead level in the human boy has a different health effect. Lead dose response is two; simple linear model and a nonlinear model. Simple linear model is where the increase health effect is through increasing blood lead level. While the nonlinear model is where the health effect changes with the region of lead dose. The lead changes as a result of increased doses to a level that it reaches the lead bound. At this point, the health damage is very massive cause organ damage. Routes of exposure Lead gets into the body through inhalation and ingestion. After it enters the body, its absorbed, distributed and excreted. The rate of lung absorption is very high as compared to intestinal absorption; this results to high lead in taking through inhalation. Lead distribution in the body is through blood, soft tissues, and mineralizing tissues. It travels in the blood and soft tissues but later it's stored in the bones and teeth. The remaining lead that is not distributed in the blood is later on excreted out of the body through urine making kidney the route for lead excretion. Maternal lead crosses to the fetus and the unborn blood get the lead. The baby is born, he/she will be already affected with the lead disease and will have brain development problems. Lead is more serious in young ones than in grown up people due to their fragile tissues. Research shows that aging adults are at high risk of lead disease than the middle age people. Children absorb 40 50% of oral lead through the water while adults absorb 3- 10% of the same. Lead in children has been found harmful due to their continuous growth. The lead that is stored in the bones is released back into the blood every time the bones grow(Fulton M, 1987). Unlike in adults where the lead in the bones is rarely released back into the blood. Associated health outcomes Lead poisoning causes a lot of health problems as discussed below;- Nervous system and brain damage Lead in the body is very toxic to many parts of the body; it has been proven to damage the brain and the peripheral nerves. These nerves connect the brain and the spinal cord, when damaged it can weaken the muscles and cause lack of sense of touch. Lead removes the myelin insulation and destroys axons hence preventing the nerves from transmitting the message properly to the brain and the rest of the body(JM., 1990). Cardiovascular effect Lead exposure is associated with cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. Lead cause the heart rate to vary and these causes the increase in the blood pressure causing hypertension. The hypertensive effect of lead has been proven by exposing animals to high levels of lead, and the results were positive(Adhikari, 2001). There is a relationship between the lead and high blood pressure and people with the disease should avoid more exposure to the lead Renal effect Lead exposure is a very toxic to a lot of the body organs one it is the kidney. High level of lead in the body becomes toxic to the kidney. The kidney is the principal organ that excretes lead out of the body, but too much of it is harmful to the body. Research shows that kidney failure is not very common though it exists. Lead exposure cause 1% of the kidney failure, it mostly associated with people who have been exposed to high levels of lead. For instance, people working in battery factories, metal smelters, and stained glass artists. Research shows that low level of lead exposure rarely causes kidney failure(Shleamoon, 1998). Immune system effects There is a relationship between lead and low immune system. People who get exposure to a lot of lead are believed to have low immune system compared to normal people. A lot of things can problems with the immune system, research has been done to find out if the lead is one of them. The findings came positive that indeed lead has some effects on immune system, especially in children. These are only possible if the lead in the level of ten micrograms per deciliter. These shows that only people with high level of lead in their body can have an immune system problem. Hematologic effect Hematologic effect is a way that the red blood cells are a story and its effect increased with increased in dose. Lead is believed to destroy the red blood cells with increased level of concentration. It prevents the body from making hemoglobin hence causing anemia. Acute lead level causes hemolytic anemia, while chronic level lead causes anemia by interfering of heme biosynthesis and by reducing red blood cells. Reproductive and development effect Reproductive effect consists of the sperm count, fertility, and the pregnancy outcome. Lead at low exposure level can cause low sperm count and increase abnormal sperm frequencies.Long term exposure can cause reduce sperm concentration, low sperm count, and total sperm motility. There is no exact time that time effect can last after one gets exposed. Research as also shown that women who get lead exposure might have a problem conceiving. And after conceiving, there is a very high chance that the lead will be passed to the unborn baby. Research as also shown that women with low level of lead in their bodies are prone to have frequency miscarriages compared to those with a high level of lead. Cancer Lead as been found to be a probable cause of cancer. A lot of experiment have been done using animals to find out; the result came out positive. Research about cancer was also done in a place where people are exposed to lead and the area where there is no lead exposure to prove this. Although there may be other causes of cancer that affect those people, the data showed that the population who are exposed to cancer have a high reported cases of cancer. It has ben found to cause mainly stomach and lung cancer. More research should be conducted to find out how lead cause cancer or which compound in it causes cancer. Risk management's strategies There is a need to put more effort in reducing environmental lead exposure in Australia, mainly the national policies of lead levels in the environment (JM., 1990). Finding and removing the source One of the most effective strategies that the country should do is to search for and remove the lead source. For instance, when a group of people or an individual is found to have lead poison then the source should be established to prevent other people getting exposure to it. Education Education a way of making a lot of people aware of the risks of it and how to prevent it. The public should be educated about the lead exposure and how to avoid it. When the public is aware of it, manage it will be easier. A lot of people who get expose to the lead without knowing due to lack of awareness. National policies The government should put rule and regulations that will reduce the lead exposure to the environment. These are by banning lead products or by reducing the lead in a product; these will reduce the level of exposure. If the products can be manufactured using other things then should be avoided completely. Gaps in current scientific knowledge These research tries to relate the lead compounds and cancer; most research fails to address the fact that there is a relationship between the two. Cancer being serious disease researchers should acknowledge other causes other than the genetic. Cancer patients should be researched on to know if they have had lead exposure at some point in their lives. As these findings could prove the relationship between lead and cancer. There is also need to do more research on adults female who get exposed to lead and find a solution. The reason being that they transfer these lead to the unborn babies. Moreover, it will be hard to manage it if the coming generation will be born with the lead infection. Many types of research have concentrated on the children having lead in their blood, but they dont consider that their mother could have being infected them before birth. There are a lot of research gaps in lead exposure and should be addressed to be able to find a lasting solution. Epidemiological data Research as shown that the soil on Sydney are contaminated with a lot of metals one of them being lead. The reason might be due to the use of lead in the gasoline and the paints; the soil lead concentration is 15.5mg/kg. These shows that a lot of places in Sydney is a threat to children getting exposed to lead. These are because children can easily get in contact with the soil hence the lead is exposed to children. Apart from the soil, some bags collected in homes of people living their contained lead. These means that lead is not only in the exterior part but very close to the children to get exposed. Esperance is a remote town on the southern coast of Western Australia; that does a lot of farming. The town is very windy and has lead carbonate. They export lead as a foreign exchange earner, in 2007 a lot of birds died and after research, it was found out that it was due to lead poisoning. There was a lot of concern that the lead poisoning could have affected the people and after the test, the result came positive. The main route of exposure was inhalation and ingestion through contaminated water tanks. From the towns, we can see that lead exposure is available, but the rate of the exposure is different. Esperance town as a lot of exposure because of the place mine lead, moreover the people in that area take tank water, and the majority of them were found to have the lead poison. Sydney lead exposure is small because no factory is around that manufactures the lead. Children in both towns are at risk of getting lead exposure, but those from Esperance town are at a very high risk. The lead level of exposure of Esperance is extremely high compared to that of Sydney. Different Management of the Lead Poison Local level management Education and awareness a way of making a lot of people know the risks of it and how to prevent it. The public should be educated about the lead exposure and how to avoid it. When the public is aware of it, manage it will be easier. A lot of the people who get expose to the lead without knowing due to lack of awareness. The health sector is doing education and awareness to sensitize them about lead exposure. State-level management The states are also using education as a way of managing the lead exposure. Most states are avoiding the use of lead products. Some states that export the lead have been informed on how to avoid the lead poisoning. Most women are advised to avoid the mining site so that they dont have fertility and having lead in their bodies which may affect the unborn. National level management The government as put rule and regulations that will reduce the lead exposure to the environment. These are by banning lead products or by reducing the lead in a product; these will reduce the level of exposure. If the products can be manufactured using other things then should be avoided completely. For instance, the gasoline which used to have lead has been banned. The government has also helped the lead exposure reduction by banning importation of products containing the lead components. A lot of lead containing products have been imported since the country dont manufactre products containing lead content. For instance the imported toys some have lead components. The government also ensures that the lead products are desposed in safe way.For instance the batteries should be recycled instead of disposing. These will ensure that the dont end up in the soil and cause more harm to the environment. Lead from the batteries if dumped in the environment they will enter into the plants and when ingested the lead will be in the body. Global level management On the global scale, the world health organization has done much to create awareness globally about the effects of lead exposure. It also informs the member states to protect workers, children, and women of reproductive age. These because they are ones who are exposed to lead and affected a lot (Fu H, 1995). WHO has continue to advocate the need to avoid leaded paints since its the main source of lead in the body through inhalation. The majority of the countries have banned the use of leaded paints in their countries. They work with the United Nations Environment program they work as an alliance to ensure that lead exposure is controlled. WHO has further put a lot of information online on their website about the lead. They upload information on the risks, how to prevent and the route sources of lead exposure. References American academy of pediatrics committee on drugs, (1995). Treatment guidelines for lead exposure in children. Aub, J. (1926). Lead poisoning. Baltimore: The Williams Wilkins Company. Boffetta, F. (1995). Cancer and occupational exposure to inorganic lead compounds. C, N. (2009). blood lead levels for Australians : An information paper foe practitioners and policy makers. Gemmel, T. and S.E, A. (2002). Blood lead level and dental caries in school-age children. 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